They also make varying length handlebar stems, which can help greatly in making you more upright.
The advantage of a pure "road bike" is generally they are lighter than a hybrid and road tires will have slightly less drag than the knobby tires on a hybrid or "comfort" bike.
There's a wide array of frame geometrys out there which will give you more upright seating on a road bike. A shorter top tube will do this and a common adjustment for good bike fitters is the stem. That is the piece which connects from the steerer tube on the front fork to the handlebars. They come in varying lengths and rises. The second stem pictured will place you back and more upright.
The bike I use for criterium racing has a longer top tube and stem and I've got the stem as low as possible for a more aero position. The bike I use for road riding and endurance rides is what is referred to as a "compact" design and I've got a very short stem on it. I've got shoulder issues that get painful in a more prone position so I'm more upright on that bike as I may be on it two to five hours at a time.